Antibody-points Bulletin: GSK3A
Antibody-points Bulletin: GSK-3 Alpha
Name: Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Alpha
PID: P49840
GID: 2931
Nicknames: GSK3A, GSK-3 alpha
AKA: Serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3A
Vitals:
Origins: 19q13.2
DNA: 13145 bp, NC000019 (42230186..42243330)
RNA: 2200 bp
Exons: 11
Protein: 483 aa, 50.9 kDa
Description:
Be on the lookout for GSK3A: This Gene encodes a multifunctional Ser/Thr protein kinase that is implicated in the control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, and transcription factors, such as JUN. It also plays a role in the WNT and PI3K signaling pathways, as well as regulates the production of beta-amyloid peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease. May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation.
Higher expression and activity of GSK3A are found in the skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) of patients with type 2 diabetes Several potent GSK3 (GSK3A and GSK3B) inhibitors have been identified and characterized in preclinical models for treatments of type 2 diabetes.
Activated by phosphorylation at Tyr-279. In response to insulin, inhibited by phosphorylation at Ser-21 by PKB/AKT1; phosphorylation at this site causes a conformational change, preventing access of substrates to the active site. Inhibited by lithium.
Last Known Addresses:
• Beta catenin-desctruction complex
• Microtubule
• Mitochondrion
• Postsynapse
Known Hangouts:
Source: NCBI
Gang Associations:
• Adaptive Immune System
• Angiopoietin Like Protein 8 Regulatory Pathway
• B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
• Chemokine Signaling Pathway
• Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt
• Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer
• DAP12 interactions
• DAP12 signaling
• Dopaminergic synapse
• Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR)
• FOXM1 transcription factor network
• Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling
• GAB1 signalosome
• Glycogen Metabolism
• IL-5 Signaling Pathway
• IRE1alpha activates chaperones
• Immune System
• Innate Immune System
• Insulin Signaling
Known Weaknesses: Lithium Carbonate
Means of Capture:
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